Factors in the environment, including a supportive home environment, the perception of encouragement for physical activity, and neighborhood attributes (cycling infrastructure, recreational proximity, traffic safety, and aesthetics), were positively correlated with long-term physical activity (LTPA), with statistically significant relationships (as indicated by the B and p values). In the United States, SOC statistically moderated the connection between social status and LTPA, yielding a beta coefficient (B) of 1603 and a p-value of .031.
Built and social environments exhibited a consistent correlation with long-term physical activity (LTPA), implying the potential for multi-tiered interventions to promote LTPA within regional community studies (RCS).
LTPA consistently correlated with social and built environmental aspects, offering insights for developing multilevel interventions targeting LTPA in RCS.
Chronic, relapsing obesity, a condition marked by an excessive build-up of adipose tissue, increases the chance of developing at least thirteen forms of cancer. This report provides a brief, yet comprehensive, overview of the current state of the scientific understanding regarding the impact of metabolic and bariatric surgery, obesity pharmacotherapy on cancer risk. Compared to non-surgical obesity management, metabolic and bariatric surgery, as indicated by meta-analyses of cohort studies, is linked to a lower likelihood of developing cancer. Regarding the potential cancer-preventative effects of obesity pharmacotherapy, there is a paucity of knowledge. The recent success in approving obesity drugs and the promising candidates in the pipeline provide an opportunity to evaluate the potential of obesity treatments to serve as an evidence-based preventative strategy for cancer. The potential for metabolic and bariatric surgery and obesity pharmacotherapy in cancer prevention offers numerous research opportunities.
A considerable risk for endometrial cancer is identified in individuals with obesity. Nevertheless, the connection between obesity and endometrial cancer (EC) outcomes remains unclear. Using computed tomography (CT) to assess body composition, this study explored the relationship between body composition and outcomes in women diagnosed with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC).
This retrospective analysis incorporated patients diagnosed with EC, stages I-III according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, who also possessed available CT scans. Using Automatica software, measurements were taken of visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and skeletal muscle area.
From a pool of 293 patient charts examined, 199 were deemed eligible. The histologic subtype endometrioid carcinoma accounted for 618% of cases; the median body mass index (BMI) was 328 kg/m^2 (interquartile range 268-389). After controlling for age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and histological subtype, a BMI of at least 30 kg/m² versus less than 30 kg/m² was significantly associated with decreased endometrial cancer-specific survival (ECSS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 232, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 127 to 425) and decreased overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 135 to 539). A higher IMAT 75th percentile compared to the 25th percentile, coupled with an SAT score of at least 2256 in contrast to less than 2256, corresponded with reduced ECSS and OS values. The hazard ratios for ECSS were 1.53 (95% CI: 1.1 to 2.13) and 2.57 (95% CI: 1.13 to 5.88), while the hazard ratios for OS were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.11 to 2.02) and 2.46 (95% CI: 1.2 to 5.01). No substantial link was found between visceral adipose tissue (75th percentile vs 25th percentile) and either ECSS or OS, based on hazard ratios of 1.42 (95% CI: 0.91–2.22) for ECSS and 1.24 (95% CI: 0.81–1.89) for OS.
Individuals with elevated BMI, IMAT, and SAT scores experienced an increased mortality rate from EC and a lower overall survival rate. A deeper knowledge of the underlying mechanisms in these relationships would offer valuable insights into strategies for improving patient results.
Individuals with a higher body mass index (BMI), elevated IMAT and SAT scores experienced a heightened risk of death from EC and reduced overall survival. Strategies to enhance patient outcomes could be shaped by a deeper comprehension of the mechanisms governing these interconnections.
The annual Transdisciplinary Research in Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Training Workshop aims to furnish transdisciplinary training opportunities for scientists investigating energetics, cancer, and clinical care. Twenty-seven early-to-mid career investigators (trainees) participating in the 2022 workshop explored a variety of TREC research areas within basic, clinical, and population sciences. The 2022 trainees, through a gallery walk, an interactive qualitative evaluation method of the program, synthesized important takeaways concerning the program's goals. The five key takeaways from the TREC Workshop were meticulously documented and summarized via the collaborative efforts of writing groups. A tailored and uncommon networking opportunity was presented at the 2022 TREC Workshop, encouraging collaborative work to address crucial research and clinical needs in the fields of energetics and cancer. Key takeaways and anticipated future steps for innovative transdisciplinary energetics and cancer research, stemming from the 2022 TREC Workshop, are the subject of this report.
The proliferation of cancer cells depends upon a reliable energy source that enables the production of biomass required for swift cell division, and provides the energy for basic cellular operations. For this purpose, a substantial number of contemporary observational and interventional investigations have been aimed at increasing energy expenditure and/or decreasing energy intake during and post-cancer treatment. An in-depth examination of diet composition fluctuations and exercise on cancer results is detailed in other work, and this review's main focus is elsewhere. This translational, narrative review investigates studies exploring the influence of energy balance on anticancer immune activation and outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We analyze the findings of preclinical, clinical observational, and the restricted number of clinical interventional studies pertaining to energy balance within TNBC. The execution of clinical studies to explore how optimizing energy balance, achieved by modifying diets and/or exercise routines, may affect the efficacy of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients is our priority. Our conviction is that a thorough approach to cancer care, integrating energy balance as a critical factor during and following treatment, can optimize outcomes and minimize the damaging effects of treatment and recovery on overall health.
Energy intake, coupled with energy expenditure and energy storage, defines an individual's energy balance. Individual drug exposure, tolerance, and efficacy relating to cancer treatments are contingent upon the multifaceted nature of energy balance. However, the intricate relationship between diet, physical activity, and body composition regarding the absorption, transformation, transport, and removal of medications is not yet fully comprehended. This review scrutinizes the extant literature regarding energy balance, specifically how dietary intake, nutritional status, physical activity and energy expenditure, and body composition interact with the pharmacokinetics of cancer treatments. The age-related effects of body composition and physiological changes on pharmacokinetics are investigated in this review, specifically focusing on pediatric and older adult cancer patients, understanding that age-related metabolic states and comorbidities play a role in energy balance and pharmacokinetic factors.
A considerable body of evidence demonstrates the advantages of exercise for people who have experienced cancer and are in remission. Despite this, exercise oncology interventions within the United States are only covered by third-party payers under the constraints of cancer rehabilitation programs. Without a broader and more comprehensive coverage, the unfair and unequal distribution of resources will continue to favor those already well-resourced. Three programs addressing chronic conditions—the Diabetes Prevention Program, Supervised Exercise Training for Peripheral Artery Disease, and Cancer Rehabilitation—are highlighted in this article, outlining their processes for third-party coverage, which involves the utilization of exercise professionals. The lessons learned from recent efforts will be instrumental in enhancing third-party coverage for exercise oncology programs.
Over 70 million Americans and more than 650 million individuals globally are presently experiencing an obesity pandemic. Obesity not only increases the risk of contracting infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2, but it also encourages the growth of numerous cancer types and generally leads to higher death rates. Our work, as well as the work of other researchers, suggests that adipocytes enable multidrug chemoresistance in the context of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Homoharringtonine Studies have further confirmed that B-ALL cells exposed to the adipocyte secretome alter their metabolic status in order to bypass the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy treatment. To determine the adipocyte-driven changes in human B-ALL cells, we utilized a multi-omic strategy that employed RNA sequencing (single-cell and bulk transcriptomic) and mass spectrometry (metabolomic and proteomic) to characterize the effects of adipocytes on normal and malignant B cells. Homoharringtonine Analyses of the adipocyte secretome revealed its direct impact on the functional programs of human B-ALL cells, encompassing metabolic functions, protection from oxidative damage, increased survival potential, B-cell maturation processes, and mechanisms underlying chemoresistance. Homoharringtonine Mice fed either low-fat or high-fat diets were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing; the analysis revealed that obesity downregulates a particular subset of immune-active B cells. Importantly, the absence of this transcriptional profile in B-ALL patients is linked with adverse survival results. Examination of blood samples from healthy individuals and those diagnosed with B-ALL indicated a connection between obesity and elevated immunoglobulin-related proteins in the bloodstream, corroborating findings in obese mice concerning immunological imbalances.