Regarding technical efficiency, Shanghai's urbanization is virtually at its peak, thus precluding significant enhancement via augmented technological inputs towards comprehensive efficacy in new-style urbanization strategies. The technical efficiency surpasses the scale efficiency by a slight margin, yet room for improvement remains. Shanghai's early urbanization was hampered by excessive total energy consumption and public budget input, decreasing efficiency, a trend now showing positive change. The optimal urbanization efficiency for Shanghai, as reflected in the output index, is achievable through a combined growth in total retail sales of consumer goods and the creation of built-up areas.
This research project spotlights the consequences of incorporating phosphogypsum into geopolymer matrices, particularly those built using metakaolin or fly ash, in terms of their fresh and hardened characteristics. To study the fresh material's workability and setting, rheological and electrical conductivity tests were performed. PF-06821497 The hardened state was assessed using a combination of XRD, DTA, SEM techniques, and compressive strength measurements. Workability studies demonstrated that introducing phosphogypsum increased the viscosity of the mixture. Consequently, the maximum permissible phosphogypsum content was limited to 15 weight percent for metakaolin-based matrices and 12 weight percent for fly ash-based matrices. Both scenarios exhibited a delayed setting reaction. Matrix analysis demonstrates the dissolution of gypsum along with the formation of sodium sulfate and calcium silicate hydrate. Correspondingly, the addition of phosphogypsum within these matrices, up to a mass rate of 6%, has no meaningful impact on the mechanical strength. Matrices without additions exhibit a compressive strength of 55 MPa. However, when the addition rate surpasses the specified limit and reaches 12 wt%, the compressive strength reduces to 35 MPa for the metakaolin-based matrix and 25 MPa for the fly ash-based matrix. Increased porosity, a consequence of incorporating phosphogypsum, is apparently the cause of this degradation.
This paper analyzes the interplay between renewable energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, economic development, and service sector growth in Tunisia from 1980 to 2020, utilizing linear and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag models along with Granger causality tests. Long-term empirical linear research demonstrates that service sector growth and the adoption of renewable energy positively affect carbon emissions. Nonlinear research demonstrated that a negative energy shock ultimately enhances environmental quality. Crucially, across all modeled variables, a unidirectional relationship with carbon emissions was observed over the long term. A key step for Tunisia to reclaim economic prosperity and address climate change is for the government to develop a forward-thinking strategy, investigating the synergy of new technologies and renewable energy. Policymakers should actively advance and encourage the integration of innovative clean energy technologies into renewable energy production.
The thermal behavior of solar air heaters, incorporating two various absorber plates in two contrasting setups, is the subject of this examination. In the summer climatic conditions of Moradabad City, India, the experiments were performed. Development of solar air heaters has yielded roughly four models. Hepatic progenitor cells Employing a flat-plate absorber and a serrated geometric absorber (with and without the tested phase change material), the experimental investigation assessed thermal performance. A noteworthy aspect of the investigation was the use of three distinct mass flow rates—0.001 kg/s, 0.002 kg/s, and 0.003 kg/s—to examine the heat transfer coefficient, instantaneous efficiency, and overall daily efficiencies. From the study's results, Model-4 was identified as the optimal model amongst all tested models, presenting an average exhaust temperature close to 46 degrees Celsius after sunset. The most effective daily average efficiency, approximately 63%, was attained at a flow rate of 0.003 kg/s. Serrated plate-type SAHs, free from phase change materials, yield a 23% improvement in efficiency relative to conventional systems, while showing a 19% advantage over comparable systems employing phase change materials. For applications requiring moderate temperatures, such as agricultural drying and space heating, the revised system is a viable option.
The ever-increasing scale and expansion of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) are unfortunately causing adverse environmental consequences, seriously jeopardizing the health of its citizens. PM2.5 pollution often plays a substantial role in causing premature mortality. From this standpoint, research has explored ways to contain and diminish air pollution; these pollution-prevention initiatives demand justification in economic terms. This study sought to assess the damage to the socio-economic sphere brought on by exposure to current pollution levels, using 2019 as the basis for comparison. A methodology was established for determining and evaluating the economic and ecological benefits associated with decreasing air pollution levels. This research project aimed to provide a holistic view of PM2.5-related economic losses, by concurrently examining the impacts of acute and chronic exposure on human health. Utilizing a spatial resolution of 30 km x 30 km, the study assessed PM2.5 health risks, stratified by inner-city and suburban environments, and constructed detailed health impact maps differentiated by age and sex. The economic repercussions of premature deaths from brief exposures, as indicated by the calculations, surpass those from prolonged exposures, with figures reaching approximately 3886 trillion VND against 1489 trillion VND respectively. In the context of the government of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) formulating a comprehensive Air Quality Action Plan for 2030, with a particular emphasis on PM2.5 reduction and targeting short- and medium-term goals, the conclusions of this study will aid in developing a strategic roadmap for mitigating PM2.5 impacts between 2025 and 2030.
As global climate change intensifies, reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution becomes a critical component for achieving sustainable economic development. Employing a non-radial directional distance function (NDDF) and data envelopment analysis (DEA), this paper quantifies the energy-environmental efficiency of 284 Chinese prefecture-level cities. Further, it assesses the effect of national new zone development on this efficiency utilizing a multi-period difference-in-difference model (DID). National new zones' implementation in prefecture-level cities results in a 13%-25% upsurge in energy-environmental efficiency, arising from improved green technical and scale efficiency. Secondly, the spatial consequences of new national zones encompass both positive and negative spillover effects. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of establishing national new zones on energy-environmental efficiency increases with higher quantiles of the latter; national new zones featuring a single city exhibit a considerable positive effect on energy-environmental efficiency, but those with a two-city structure exhibit no significant impact, implying the lack of significant green synergistic growth among cities. The research's impact on policy is evaluated, encompassing the need for increased policy support and regulatory oversight to foster a healthier energy environment.
Water salinization, a critical concern originating from the overuse of coastal aquifers, is especially pronounced in arid and semi-arid regions, where urbanization and human-induced land use changes intensify the problem. The research seeks to evaluate the groundwater quality parameters in the Mitidja alluvial aquifer (northern Algeria) and its suitability for various uses, including domestic and agricultural purposes. A hydrogeochemical approach, encompassing the interpretation of groundwater physiochemical parameters (EC, pH, dry residue, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, and NO3-), was implemented for samples collected during both the wet and dry seasons of 2005 and 2017. Furthermore, an isotopic characterization, utilizing stable isotopes to pinpoint recharge sources for October 2017 samples, was also employed. The results illustrate the presence of three dominant hydrochemical facies: calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium bicarbonate. Groundwater mineralization and salinization are frequently linked to the dissolution of carbonates and evaporites, especially during periods of dryness, and to the influence of seawater intrusion. nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Significant changes in groundwater chemistry, caused by ion exchange and human activities, result in elevated salt levels in the water. The eastern section of the study area shows significantly high NO3- concentrations, a direct consequence of fertilizer contamination, a matter that aligns with the Richards classification's findings on the necessity of limiting water use for agricultural purposes. Analysis of the 2H=f(18O) diagram suggests the principal source of recharge for this aquifer is meteoric rainwater of oceanic origin, derived from the Atlantic and Mediterranean Seas. To contribute to sustainable water resource management in similar worldwide coastal areas, the methodology presented in this study is applicable.
Employing chitosan (CS) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to modify goethite resulted in an increase in its absorptive abilities for agrochemicals, such as copper (Cu²⁺) ions, phosphate (PO₄³⁻) ions, and diuron. The pristine goethite's strong binding of Cu (768 mg/g, 6371%) and P (631 mg/g, 5046%) was limited to their combined systems. For copper in single adsorbate solutions, adsorption levels reached 382 mg/g, representing a percentage of 3057%, while phosphorus adsorption in single adsorbate solutions reached 322 mg/g (2574%), and diuron adsorption exhibited a level of 0.015 mg/g, equivalent to 1215%. Despite employing goethite modification with CS or PAA, the adsorption results were not exceptional. After PAA modification, Cu ions (828%) showed the highest increase in adsorbed amount, which was further enhanced by CS modification for P (602%) and diuron (2404%).